字符设备驱动-6-pre-休眠唤醒机制

1 休眠与唤醒#

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1.APP 调用 read 等函数试图读取数据,比如读取按键;
2.APP 进入内核态,也就是调用驱动中的对应函数,发现有数据则复制到用户空间并马上返回;
3.如果 APP 在内核态,也就是在驱动程序中发现没有数据,则 APP 休眠;
4.当有数据时,比如当按下按键时,驱动程序的中断服务程序被调用,它会记录数据、唤醒 APP;
5.APP 继续运行它的内核态代码,也就是驱动程序中的函数,复制数据到用户空间并马上返回

drv_read函数当没有数据时需要休眠等待有数据唤醒。当按下按键,驱动程序中的中断服务程序被调用,它会记录数据,并唤醒 APP的read函数。

1.0 引入上下文概念#

app执行整个过程如下图,可以把它看作被拆分成2段:被叫做“上下文”
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1.0.1 进程上下文#

或者这样说:红实线所涉及的代码,都是APP调用的,被叫做进程上下文,drv_read中有数据直接返回数据,没有数据的话让出CPU休眠等待。

1.0.1 中断上下文#

但是按键的中断服务程序,不属于APP的 “上下文”,这是突如其来的,当中断发生时,APP1 正在休眠呢。在 APP 的“上下文”,也就是在 APP的执行过程中,它是可以休眠的。
在中断的处理过程中,也就是gpio_key_irq的执行过程中,它不能休眠:“中断”怎么能休眠?“中断”休眠了,谁来调度其他 APP 啊?
所以:在中断处理函数中,不能休眠,也就不能调用会导致休眠的函数, 被叫做中断上下文

1.1 休眠函数#

内核源码:include\linux\wait.h
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参数1:wq: waitqueue等待队列
用来等待条件值,condition不为0则立即返回
参数2:condition
这可以是一个变量,也可以是任何表达式。表示“一直等待,直到 condition为真

1.2 唤醒函数#

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1.3 使用#

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1.read函数中进行wait_event_interruptible,因此需要初始化一个wq, 用init_waitqueue_head函数进行初始化等待队列。

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wait_queue_head_t job_done_wq;
init_waitqueue_head(&job->job_done_wq);

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或者用DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD声明定义初始化一起。
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static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(gpio_key_wait);

read函数判断是否有key,有key则直接返回,否则wait_event_interruptible休眠。
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wait_event_interruptible(gpio_key_wait, g_key);

2.如果按键按下了,中断isr进行响应,调用wake_up_interruptible,并且设置condition为true.驱动的read函数将会被唤醒。
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驱动代码
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#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#include <linux/of_irq.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>

struct gpio_key{
int gpio;
struct gpio_desc *gpiod;
int flag;
int irq;
} ;

static struct gpio_key *gpio_keys_100ask;
static int major = 0;
static struct class *gpio_key_class;
static int g_key = 0;
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(gpio_key_wait);

static ssize_t gpio_key_drv_read (struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset){
int err;

wait_event_interruptible(gpio_key_wait, g_key);
err = copy_to_user(buf, &g_key, 4);
g_key = 0;
return 4;
}

static struct file_operations gpio_key_drv = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read = gpio_key_drv_read,
};

static irqreturn_t gpio_key_isr(int irq, void *dev_id){
struct gpio_key *gpio_key = dev_id;
int val;

val = gpiod_get_value(gpio_key->gpiod);
printk("key %d %d\n", gpio_key->gpio, val);
g_key = (gpio_key->gpio << 8) | val;
wake_up_interruptible(&gpio_key_wait);
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}

/* 1. 从platform_device获得GPIO
* 2. gpio=>irq
* 3. request_irq
*/
static int gpio_key_probe(struct platform_device *pdev){
int err;
struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node;
int count;
int i;
enum of_gpio_flags flag;

count = of_gpio_count(node);
if (!count){
printk("%s %s line %d, there isn't any gpio available\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return -1;
}

gpio_keys_100ask = kzalloc(sizeof(struct gpio_key) * count, GFP_KERNEL);
for (i = 0; i < count; i++){
gpio_keys_100ask[i].gpio = of_get_gpio_flags(node, i, &flag);
if (gpio_keys_100ask[i].gpio < 0){
printk("%s %s line %d, of_get_gpio_flags fail\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return -1;
}
gpio_keys_100ask[i].gpiod = gpio_to_desc(gpio_keys_100ask[i].gpio);
gpio_keys_100ask[i].flag = flag & OF_GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW;
gpio_keys_100ask[i].irq = gpio_to_irq(gpio_keys_100ask[i].gpio);
}

for (i = 0; i < count; i++){
err = request_irq(gpio_keys_100ask[i].irq, gpio_key_isr, IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING, "100ask_gpio_key", &gpio_keys_100ask[i]);
}

major = register_chrdev(0, "100ask_gpio_key", &gpio_key_drv); /* /dev/100ask_gpio_key */
gpio_key_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "100ask_gpio_key_class");
if (IS_ERR(gpio_key_class)) {
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
unregister_chrdev(major, "100ask_gpio_key");
return PTR_ERR(gpio_key_class);
}
device_create(gpio_key_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "100ask_gpio_key"); /* /dev/100ask_gpio_key */
return 0;
}
static int gpio_key_remove(struct platform_device *pdev){
struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node;
int count;
int i;
device_destroy(gpio_key_class, MKDEV(major, 0));
class_destroy(gpio_key_class);
unregister_chrdev(major, "100ask_gpio_key");
count = of_gpio_count(node);
for (i = 0; i < count; i++){
free_irq(gpio_keys_100ask[i].irq, &gpio_keys_100ask[i]);
}
kfree(gpio_keys_100ask);
return 0;
}

static const struct of_device_id ask100_keys[] = {
{ .compatible = "100ask,gpio_key" },
{ },
};
static struct platform_driver gpio_keys_driver = {
.probe = gpio_key_probe,
.remove = gpio_key_remove,
.driver = {
.name = "100ask_gpio_key",
.of_match_table = ask100_keys,
},
};
static int __init gpio_key_init(void){
int err;
err = platform_driver_register(&gpio_keys_driver);
return err;
}
static void __exit gpio_key_exit(void){
platform_driver_unregister(&gpio_keys_driver);
}
module_init(gpio_key_init);
module_exit(gpio_key_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
驱动代码2(使用环形buf存放键值)
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#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#include <linux/of_irq.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>

struct gpio_key{
int gpio;
struct gpio_desc *gpiod;
int flag;
int irq;
} ;
static struct gpio_key *gpio_keys_100ask;
static int major = 0;
static struct class *gpio_key_class;

/* 环形缓冲区 */
#define BUF_LEN 128
static int g_keys[BUF_LEN];
static int r, w;
#define NEXT_POS(x) ((x+1) % BUF_LEN)
static int is_key_buf_empty(void){
return (r == w);
}
static int is_key_buf_full(void){
return (r == NEXT_POS(w));
}
static void put_key(int key){
if (!is_key_buf_full()){
g_keys[w] = key;
w = NEXT_POS(w);
}
}
static int get_key(void){
int key = 0;
if (!is_key_buf_empty()){
key = g_keys[r];
r = NEXT_POS(r);
}
return key;
}

static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(gpio_key_wait);

static ssize_t gpio_key_drv_read (struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset){
int err;
int key;
wait_event_interruptible(gpio_key_wait, !is_key_buf_empty());
key = get_key();
err = copy_to_user(buf, &key, 4);
return 4;
}
static struct file_operations gpio_key_drv = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read = gpio_key_drv_read,
};

static irqreturn_t gpio_key_isr(int irq, void *dev_id){
struct gpio_key *gpio_key = dev_id;
int val;
int key;
val = gpiod_get_value(gpio_key->gpiod);

printk("key %d %d\n", gpio_key->gpio, val);
key = (gpio_key->gpio << 8) | val;
put_key(key);
wake_up_interruptible(&gpio_key_wait);
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}

/* 1. 从platform_device获得GPIO
* 2. gpio=>irq
* 3. request_irq
*/
static int gpio_key_probe(struct platform_device *pdev){
int err;
struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node;
int count;
int i;
enum of_gpio_flags flag;

count = of_gpio_count(node);
if (!count){
printk("%s %s line %d, there isn't any gpio available\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return -1;
}

gpio_keys_100ask = kzalloc(sizeof(struct gpio_key) * count, GFP_KERNEL);
for (i = 0; i < count; i++){
gpio_keys_100ask[i].gpio = of_get_gpio_flags(node, i, &flag);
if (gpio_keys_100ask[i].gpio < 0){
printk("%s %s line %d, of_get_gpio_flags fail\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return -1;
}
gpio_keys_100ask[i].gpiod = gpio_to_desc(gpio_keys_100ask[i].gpio);
gpio_keys_100ask[i].flag = flag & OF_GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW;
gpio_keys_100ask[i].irq = gpio_to_irq(gpio_keys_100ask[i].gpio);
}
for (i = 0; i < count; i++){
err = request_irq(gpio_keys_100ask[i].irq, gpio_key_isr, IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING, "100ask_gpio_key", &gpio_keys_100ask[i]);
}

major = register_chrdev(0, "100ask_gpio_key", &gpio_key_drv); /* /dev/gpio_key */
gpio_key_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "100ask_gpio_key_class");
if (IS_ERR(gpio_key_class)) {
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
unregister_chrdev(major, "100ask_gpio_key");
return PTR_ERR(gpio_key_class);
}
device_create(gpio_key_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "100ask_gpio_key"); /* /dev/100ask_gpio_key */
return 0;
}
static int gpio_key_remove(struct platform_device *pdev){
struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node;
int count;
int i;
device_destroy(gpio_key_class, MKDEV(major, 0));
class_destroy(gpio_key_class);
unregister_chrdev(major, "100ask_gpio_key");
count = of_gpio_count(node);
for (i = 0; i < count; i++){
free_irq(gpio_keys_100ask[i].irq, &gpio_keys_100ask[i]);
}
kfree(gpio_keys_100ask);
return 0;
}
static const struct of_device_id ask100_keys[] = {
{ .compatible = "100ask,gpio_key" },
{ },
};
static struct platform_driver gpio_keys_driver = {
.probe = gpio_key_probe,
.remove = gpio_key_remove,
.driver = {
.name = "100ask_gpio_key",
.of_match_table = ask100_keys,
},
};
static int __init gpio_key_init(void){
int err;
err = platform_driver_register(&gpio_keys_driver);
return err;
}
static void __exit gpio_key_exit(void){
platform_driver_unregister(&gpio_keys_driver);
}
module_init(gpio_key_init);
module_exit(gpio_key_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

app代码
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#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
/*
* ./button_test /dev/100ask_button0
*
*/
int main(int argc, char **argv){
int fd;
int val;

if (argc != 2) {
printf("Usage: %s <dev>\n", argv[0]);
return -1;
}

fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR);
if (fd == -1){
printf("can not open file %s\n", argv[1]);
return -1;
}
while (1){
read(fd, &val, 4);
printf("get button : 0x%x\n", val);
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}